Leaf spring design guidelines laminated leaf spring. This paper had given some of the difference and describes in detail unique design criteria due to packaging, axle movement etc, of leaf spring rear suspension for rear engine. Design and analysis of leaf spring global journals inc. The benefit of leaf spring over helical spring is that the ends of the spring may be leaded along a definite path as it deflects to act as a structural. The automotive suspension system is the one of the important unit in automotive design, especially leaf spring design. In this case we must consider the outer diameter, length inside hooks, and hook gap hook type. Spring design objectives identify, describe, and understand principles of several types of springs including helical compression springs, helical extension springs, torsion tubes, and leaf spring systems. A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension wheeled vehicles. A revised guide to the design of both multileaf and singleleaf tapered springs, this manual includes nomenclature and specifications for spring design elements such as. Jeevan kumar 39 leaf springs are unique kind of springs used in abstract automobile suspension systems. In this paper complete design of leaf spring rear suspension for rear engine is discussed. The dimension of an existing conventional steel leaf spring of commercial vehicle are taken for evaluation of result. Leaf spring design and engineering strength of materials.
Design and analysis of composite leaf spring by using fea. Design and analysis of a leaf spring for automobile. Leaf springs are used for rear suspensions on cars and many light trucks. In the cantilever beam type leaf spring, for the same leaf thickness, h, leaf of uniform width, b case 1 and, leaf of width, which is uniformly reducing from b case 2 is considered. The leaf spring is one of the potential items for weight reduction in automobiles as it accounts for 10% 20% of the unsprung weight. Valve spring is a critical component for any engines performance. Leaf spring, composite material, eglassepoxy, fea, ansys. Systems are offered in a variety of performance stages ranging from upgraded factory. The thickness and width of the front leaf springs for optimum design are 8 mm and 50 mm. The suspension of leaf spring is the area which needs to focus to improve the suspensions of the vehicle for comfort ride. Design and manufacture of an adaptive suspension system.
The diving board is a cantilever with a load, the diver, at its free end. Leaf ends shackles eye bearings center bolts and clamps the geometry of spring design installation effects materials stress fatigue life. In this paper, front and rear leaf spring are analysed by changing various thickness. International journal of engineering trends and technology. The thickness and width of the front leaf springs for optimum design are 8 mm. A transverse leaf spring is placed along the rear axle and is simply kept as a design due to the fact that it works well and is a much cheaper alternative to coilovers. Design procedure of the leaf spring in design procedure of leaf springs, firstly, the weight of vehicle is calculated. Leaf springs possess many desirable suspension features, such as dampening, forward bite, rollover steer, high antisquat percentage, and high lateral stiffness. Design and manufacture of an adaptive suspension system a major qualifying project report submitted to the faculty of worcester polytechnic institute this report represents the work of wpi undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement.
Leaf spring design guidelines laminated leaf spring design. From the basic equations of bending stress and deflection, the maximum stress. Pdf design, analysis and optimization of leaf spring abhijeet. It can also absorb shock or maintain a force between two surfaces. At the same time there is a need of high load carrying rear suspension to suit market requirement. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of. Design and analysis of leaf spring for solar vehicle proceedings of 105th ththe iier international conference, bangkok, thailand, 5 6th june 2017 103 ii. Keywords leaf spring, finite element analysis and composite materials, composite leaf springs. Apr 04, 2018 auto coil and leaf spring classic car tips and tricks do and dont episode 251 autorestomod duration. Analytical design in this work is focussed on hybrid spring that utilizes a steelcomposite combination uses the weight criteria while this offers maximum stiffnesstostrength. We know that the spring plays very essential part of every automobile for suspension point of view.
The spring design for the given number of spring leaves and ratio lbis started by moving one of the scroll bars. Working frequency of front and rear leaf spring are 1. Sarode 5 does the comparative fem analysis of vshape and leaf spring. Center of the spring is fixed to the axle of the automobile. The longest leaf known as main leaf or master leaf has its ended formed in the shape of an eye through which the bolts are passed to secure the spring to its supports. The two downward curved ends of the leaf spring were fastened to each end of the axle while the higher center section was fastened in two closely spaced locations directly to the car frame. In new light commercial vehicle development, engine is mounted at rear to have low engine noise and vibration inside cabin. Leaf spring design guidelines explained here is the simplest version of the whole leaf spring design procedure. So this fixed eye end of the leaf spring cannot move in. Introduction leaf springs are mainly used in suspension systems to absorb shock loads in automobiles like light motor vehicles, heavy duty. Usually the eyes, through which the spring is attached to the hanger or shackle, are provided with bushings of some antifriction material such as bronze or rubber. A variable rate can be accomplished with a leaf spring suspension by providing contacts on the mount that effectively. The most popular ones are machine hooks, cross over center hooks, side hooks, or no hooks at all. Nowadays, cad and fea tools are used extensively in the industry for the design of leaf spring.
Based on the results, the design calculation for deflection and weight of springs is compared. Design of leaf springs mechanical engineering notes edurev. Camber is the perpendicular distance between the reference line and the master leaf and its magnitude is such that the spring is approximately straight under the max static load. The plate flexure can be set in smode or in cmode, dependent on other kinematic constraints. Thickness and width of the rear leaf spring design are 5 mm and 45 mm. This is non traditional type of suspension with leaf spring application. Then the design calculation is done for both ordinary and novel spring system. The challenges in designing leaf spring rear suspension for rear engine are different from those for front engine.
The leaf spring might carry loads, brake torque, driving torque, etc. Extension spring design guide quality spring, affordable prices. Design and analyze helical compression springs, including compatibility with allowable stresses. This nonlinear spring constant is useful for vehicles which must operate with widely varying loads, such as trucks.
When pressing the appropriate button you will design the spring while keeping the values of the selected spring dimensions in paragraph 16. Leaf springs technical information leaf springs are the oldest form of suspension in racing. See more ideas about paper flowers, flower template and leaf template. Design and analysis of composite leaf spring international journal of mechanical and industrial engineering ijmie, issn no. The basic principle of leaf spring design and assembly are moderately simple the number of leaves in an spring is relies on the weight conveying limit of a vehicle. Determine the space limitations in which the spring is required to work and try to design the spring accordingly, using a parallel arrangement if required, or allow space in the mechanism for the spring per its calculated design dimensions.
Strength of the spring, phosphate paint may reduce this problem fairly. A plate flexure of leaf spring is one of the most fundamental features in flexure engineering and can be used in monolithic structures to fix 3 dof of an element. Heavy loads leaf spring design in order to carry heavy loads a few more additional full length leaves are placed below the master leaf for heavy loads. The extension spring design formulas to calculate physical dimensions are provided below as well as how to choose your material type. Measure the space provided for the spring to fit into. The design process of the leaf spring is another aspect that can be optimized in order to improve the load carrying capacity and fatigue life of the spring. Auto coil and leaf spring classic car tips and tricks do and dont episode 251 autorestomod duration. This manual is written as a guide for the designer of leaf spring installations. Cmode comprise different flexure stiffness and flexure motion than the smode.
The suspension leaf spring is one of the potential items for weight reduction automobile as it. Design and analysis of composite leaf spring by using fea and. You will have to drill a hole in the ubolt plate for the new offset spring pin location. To begin your extension spring design, you must start setting the tolerances based on the springs surroundings both physical and environmental. It contains information which will make it possible to calculate the space required for a leaf spring, to provide suitable attachments, and to determine the elastic and geometric properties of the assembly. In the cantilever beam type leaf spring, for the same leaf thickness, h, leaf of uniform width, b. The kit includes the machined leaves along with new center pins and bolts to install them. Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Improve the design of leaf spring by reducing the frictional. Performance leaf spring suspensions for 19641973 mustangs leaf spring suspension system total control products leaf spring suspensions for 196473 mustangs provide a marked improvement in vehicle handling over standard oem components. Pdf design, analysis and optimization of leaf spring. Comparative stress, deflection and fatigue analysis performed on different steel and composite leaf spring models by many researchers using.
Deflection of master leaf steel by analyzing the design, it was found that all the. Design, simulation, and prototyping of single composite. Types of leaf springs design theme of leaf springs laminated spring and its modifications. A leaf spring is a long, flat, thin, and flexible piece of spring steel or composite material that resists bending. Let one of the suspension experts at help you with your leaf spring selection by calling 18003584751 or visiting us online at. For the leaf spring analysis one of the eye ends of the leaf spring is fixed to the chassis of the vehicle.
The suspension system in a vehicle significantly affects the behavior of vehicle, i. Pdf design and analysis of leaf spring semantic scholar. Springs calculation mitcalc mechanical, industrial and. Single leaf steel springs, called mono leaf, are used on some vehicles. Compression spring design quality spring, affordable prices. Performance leafspring suspensions for 19641973 mustangs leafspring suspension system total control products leafspring suspensions for 196473 mustangs provide a marked improvement in vehicle handling over standard oem components. The present work is to emphasizing the reduction in weight of suspension system by using composite materials instead of customary leaf springs. Make a preliminary selection of the spring material that is dictated by the application or economics. Although they are the oldest, they seem to be the least understood. Design and analysis of suspension system for an all terrain vehicle shijil p, albin vargheese, aswin devasia, christin joseph, josin jacob abstract in this paper our work was to study the static and dynamic parameter of the suspension system of an atv by determining and analyzing the dynamics of the vehicle when driving on an off road racetrack. Since fixed support has restriction to move in x and y direction as well as rotation about that fixed point. The leaf spring was modeled in autocad 2012 and the analysis was done using ansys 9. Leaf spring is the main type of suspension system which is used in many light and heavy vehicles. The automobile industry has great interest for replacement of steel leaf spring with that of composite leaf spring, since the.
The design of leaf spring involves it is flat thin and adaptable bit of spring steel or composite material that oppose bending. Extension spring design guide quality spring, affordable. Pdf leaf springs design, calculation and testing requirements. Such alteration from the standard laminated leaf spring, does not change the stress value, but deflection equation requires some correction.
Leaf spring is widely used in automobiles and is one of the important components of suspension system. Design, analysis and optimization of leaf spring open. Where t is the thickness of the plate, b is the width of the plate and l is the length of plate or distance of the load w from the cantilever end. Proceedings of 105th the iier international conference, bangkok, thailand, 5th6th june 2017 102 design and analysis of leaf spring for solar vehicle 1may mya darli cho, 2htay htay win, 3aung ko latt 1,2,3 department of mechanical engineering, mandalay technological university, mandalay, myanmar email. A single or mono leaf spring is usually tapered to produce a variable spring rate. Leaf springs are used in heavy load vehicle where load is much larger than in passenger vehicles, they are used in vehicles which are limited to varying cycles stress to millions thus eventually leads to failure of fatigue. Autorestomod manic mechanic gasoline media 3,586 views 35. The suspension is an important system connecting the truck frame and wheel 4. Generally the springs are designed to absorb and store energy when load is applied after the load is removal it will regain its. Design and analysis of leaf spring o global journals.
The suspension leaf spring is one of the potential. As a general rule, the leaf spring is regarded as a safety component as its failure could lead to severe accidents. The basic principles of leaf spring design and assembly are relatively simple, and leafs have been used in various capacities since medieval times. Design, simulation, and prototyping of single composite leaf.
Leaf spring used in many vehicles due to having some main characteristics which are shown below. To mount the leaf centered on the spring, you simply run the full length center pin through the center hole of the leaf and through the pin hole in the spring pack. They change the shape of leaf spring into vshape spring with same width and thickness. Comparative theoretical design of leaf spring and vshape. Precision point flexure engineering fundamental leaf spring.