Pdf the austenitic stainless steel 316l is the most used metallic biomaterials in. Cost is very similar, and both are durable, corrosionresistant, and a good choice for highstress situations. Stainless steel metalcored wires are an excellent choice for flat and horizontal welding of long continuous seams where productivity can be maximized. Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal conductivity of one third of carbon steel and is a superior absorber of laser. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of. Among the family of stainless steels, cast austenitic stainless steels casss are preferably used due to their high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Ss 316 austenitic stainless steel grade steelindo persada. Foodstuffs naval industry and engineering structures s31653 s31635 s31700 s31661 comply to general metalworking and welding nenen approved types of austenitic stainless steel 316 grade pressure equipment directory en 100287ad2000w2. Austenitic class stainless steel, a chromiumnickeliron alloy, sequenced primarily, but not limited to, the 100, 200 and 300 numeric series, which comprises over 70% of all current stainless steel production. Petroleum engineers steel products manualstainless and heat.
Austenitic stainless steels have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, approximately rd that of ferritic steel at room temperature and a coefficient of thermal expansion some 30% more than that of a ferritic steel. Properties are similar to 304 304l however 316l exibits higher strength at elevated temperatures. Mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of a. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers. Sintered in an atmosphere containing nitrogen for higher strength and hardness. Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 316, 316l, 317 and 317l austenitic stainless steel plate, sheet and strip as required by astm specifications a240 and asme specification sa240, are shown below. Cr nimo alloys also provide excellent fabricability and formability which are typical of the austenitic stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steel is a specific type of stainless steel alloy. Choose from our selection of austenitic stainless steel, including multipurpose 304 stainless steel, corrosionresistant 316 stainless steel, and more. Stainless steel 316l is austenitic stainless steel, frequently used in a wide range of industrial applications because of its high strength and corrosion. Hardness varies in a similar manner, from relatively soft annealed austenitic stainless steel to extremely hard martensitic material such as that used for razor blades or ball bearings. This full line of stainless steel filler metals is available today to add to your product offerings, giving you the. Austenitic stainless steels constitute the largest stainless steel family in terms of alloys and usage. Austenitic 300 series stainless steel filler metals.
Pdf additive manufacturing of 316l stainless steel by. Another way to prevent sensitization is to add titanium andor niobium, which combine preferentially with carbon. Austenitic stainless steels are an extraordinary family of alloys that have exceptional. Using a suite of techniques, the role of tirich inclusions in the localized corrosion of stainless steel has been better understood. The role of titanium in the initiation of localized. It has low carbon content as compared with 316 material and thus having all the qualities of 316 grade it can also be welded at higher gauges as it does not weld decay due to lower carbon content. Austenitic steel is a type of stainless steel that contains austenite. Pdf preparation and characterization of stainless steel 316lha. Fabcor er308lsi austenitic wire used to join 301, 302, 304, 304l and 308 stainless steels. The traditional way of displaying the austenitic stainless steels is to present 302 as a base. Alloy 316316l uns s31600s31603 is a chromiumnickelmolybdenum austenitic stainless steel developed to provide improved corrosion resistance to alloy 304304l in moderately corrosive environments. Austenitic stainless steels to low carbon steels 35. These steels owe their properties to their microstructural features consisting of an austenitic matrix and skeletal or lathy type.
They are the most easily weldable of the stainless steel family and can be welded by all welding processes, the main problems being avoidance of hot cracking and the preservation of corrosion resistance. Stainless steel 316l is austenitic stainless steel, frequently used in a wide range of industrial applications because of its high strength and corrosion resistance 44,45, oxidation resistance, high heat resistance, and good weldability. Austenitic steels are nonmagnetic stainless steels that contain high levels of chromium and nickel and low levels of carbon. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect. Austenitic stainless steel ssi sintered specialties. Austenitic stainless steels summary austenitic stainless steels are the most common and familiar types of stainless steel. Welding of stainless steels and other joining methods, ssina. It is considered the most versatile, most widely used, and is available in more forms and finishes than any other grade of stainless steel. The process for joining the plates was performed by submerged arc welding. The 316l stainless steel ss316l is a member of the austenitic steels that was developed more than three decades ago for fastbreeder reactor applications within the eu countries. This grade is a chromium nickel molybdenum austenitic grade which is suitable for use in severely corrosive conditions.
The ss316l grade has both good weldability and machinability and in combination with high corrosion resistance it can be used in a wide range of applications. It is often utilized in process streams containing chlorides or halides. Stainless steels may be classified by their crystalline structure into four main types. Austenitic 300 series stainless steel filler metals stainless steel stick electrodes. Structural applications include handrails, poles and support pipe for salt water and corrosive environments. Austenitic stainless steels have many advan tages from a. In asss such as 304 and 316, grades where the austenite stability is high, low. Technical information stainless steel austenitic 316l. An austenitic stainless steel containing mo to increase resistance to pitting corrosion. Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal conductivity of one third of carbon steel and is a superior absorber of laser light. During manual welding, forehand techniques are beneficial.
Additive manufacturing of 316l stainless steel by electron beam melting for nuclear fusion applications article pdf available in journal of nuclear materials 486. Austenitic stainless steels with higher molybdenum or molybdenum plus nitrogen content which provide even greater resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and general corrosion are also available in flat rolled products. Pdf among the family of stainless steels, cast austenitic stainless steels casss. Chemical composition of high performance austenitic stainless steels and representative standard grades wt. Higher expansions in a narrower haz result in higher residual stresses and more distortion.
But even though it has less carbon, 316l is very similar to 316 in almost every way. Pdf microstructural and mechanical characterization of solidified. Stainless steel 316l to a mild steel of low carbon with electrode cromarod 309mol. Practical guidelines for the fabrication of high performance austenitic stainless steels first edition 2010. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics. Technical information stainless steel austenitic 316h. An overview of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steels possess austenite as their primary crystalline structure facecentered cubic. Construction encasement, doors, windows and armatures, offshore modules, cisterns and pipes for chemical tankers, production.
Austenitic stainless steel generally provides better corrosion resistance compared to ferritic stainless steels. The most widely used stainless grades are the austenitic 189 type steels, i. Along with ferrous and martensitic steels, it belongs to the group of stainless steels and exhibits a particularly good combination of mechanical properties in connection with corrosion stability. The addition of mo composition results in a remarkable improvement on its corrosion resistance and high temperature strength. A convenient and commonly used shorthand identifying the individual alloy within the austenitic stainless steel group is the astm system. Simple austenitic steels of type aisi 304, 316 and 347 have been extensively used for power plant components. The austenitic class of stainless steels is generally considered to be weldable by the. Corrosion performance may be varied to suit a wide range of service environments by careful alloy adjustment e. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance. The alloy is nonmagnetic in the annealed condition. A wide variety of austenitic 316l stainless steel tube options are available to you, such as type, certification, and standard. Ironchromiumnickel grades corresponding to both standard aisi 300series alloys and modified versions of these alloys.
Type 316 stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring corrosion resistance superior. Strength properties of annealed austenitic stainless steels are. They are extremely formable and weldable, and they can be successfully used from cryogenic temperatures to the redhot temperatures of furnaces and jet engines. Pdf liquid phase bonding of 316l stainless steel to az31.
Pdf the excellent corrosion resistance, formability and strength make stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steels are less resistant to cyclic. Ati 316ln stainless is a single phase austenitic face centered cubic stainless steel at all temperatures up to the melting point. It is used in many applications where corrosion resistance is needed. Stainless 316, 316l, 317, 317l specialty stainless steel. Austenitic steel is a steel with more than 8% nickel content and has a cubically surfacecentred crystal structure.
This austenite crystalline structure is achieved by sufficient additions of the. An overview of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels exploring the 200, 300, and 400 series. One way of combining the effect of alloying elements is via the socalled. Ati 316, ati 316l, ati 317 and ati 317l stainless steels are available in the form of sheet, strip and plate to astm a240 and asme sa240 and other pertinent specifications from ati allegheny ludlum. Additive manufacturing of 316l stainless steel by electron. In particular, austenitic stainless steels are used for construction and. Austenitic stainless steel, which is usually referred to as the 300 series, is ideally suited to laser welding, table 4. Both 316 and 316l stainless steels contain molybdenum, but 316l stainless contain more molybdenum than 316 stainless steel. Such alloys, which are based on type 304 188 stainless steel, as shown in fig. Austenitic stainless steels exhibit superior corrosion resistance to both ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steels are classified in the 200 and 300 series, with 16% to 30% chromium and 2% to 20% nickel for enhanced surface quality, formability, increased corrosion and wear resistance.
In this article we will discuss ss 316 and ss 316l and 316h. As far as stainless steel grades go, grade 304 is the standard 188 of the stainless family. Its magnetic permeability is typically less than 1. It contains a high percentage of nickel and chromium, enhancing its ability to be formed and welded easily into any shape along with providing great strength and resistance to corrosion. Characterised by high corrosion resistance in marine and industrial atmospheres, it exhibits excellent resistance to chloride attack and against complex suphur compounds. Volume loss and hardness data for 304l and 316l steels. For some applications ferritic stainless steels are a. Development of solution of existing problems in joining dissimilar materials.